{"id":7622,"date":"2023-05-30T15:55:04","date_gmt":"2023-05-30T13:55:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/?p=7622"},"modified":"2023-05-30T15:55:07","modified_gmt":"2023-05-30T13:55:07","slug":"zimbabwes-electricity-sector-structure-policy-and-regulation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/zimbabwes-electricity-sector-structure-policy-and-regulation\/","title":{"rendered":"Zimbabwe&#8217;s Electricity Sector: Structure, Policy, and Regulation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Zimbabwe&#8217;s Electricity Sector: Structure, Policy, and Regulation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_64 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/zimbabwes-electricity-sector-structure-policy-and-regulation\/#Ministry_of_Energy_and_Power_Development_MEPD\" title=\"Ministry of Energy and Power Development (MEPD)\">Ministry of Energy and Power Development (MEPD)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/zimbabwes-electricity-sector-structure-policy-and-regulation\/#Zimbabwe_Electricity_Regulatory_Authority_ZERA\" title=\"Zimbabwe Electricity Regulatory Authority (ZERA)\">Zimbabwe Electricity Regulatory Authority (ZERA)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/zimbabwes-electricity-sector-structure-policy-and-regulation\/#Zimbabwe_Electricity_Supply_Authority_ZESA\" title=\"Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority (ZESA)\">Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority (ZESA)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/zimbabwes-electricity-sector-structure-policy-and-regulation\/#Zimbabwe_Power_Company_ZPC\" title=\"Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC)\">Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/zimbabwes-electricity-sector-structure-policy-and-regulation\/#Zimbabwe_Electricity_Transmission_and_Distribution_Company_ZETDC\" title=\"Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC)\">Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/zimbabwes-electricity-sector-structure-policy-and-regulation\/#Rural_Electrification_Agency_REA_and_Rural_Electrification_Fund_REF\" title=\"Rural Electrification Agency (REA) and Rural Electrification Fund (REF)\">Rural Electrification Agency (REA) and Rural Electrification Fund (REF)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/zimbabwes-electricity-sector-structure-policy-and-regulation\/#Policy_Framework_for_Electricity_Sector\" title=\"Policy Framework for Electricity Sector\">Policy Framework for Electricity Sector<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/zimbabwes-electricity-sector-structure-policy-and-regulation\/#FOLLOW_US_ON_SOCIAL_MEDIA\" title=\"FOLLOW US ON SOCIAL MEDIA\">FOLLOW US ON SOCIAL MEDIA<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ministry_of_Energy_and_Power_Development_MEPD\"><\/span>Ministry of Energy and Power Development (MEPD)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.zim.gov.zw\/index.php\/en\/my-government\/government-ministries\/energy-and-power-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ministry of Energy and Power Development<\/a> has overall responsibility for energy issues in Zimbabwe. Its mandate includes policy formulation, performance monitoring and regulation of the energy sector as well as research, development and promotion of new and renewable sources of energy. The Ministry supervises and oversees the performance of the energy utility and its subsidiaries. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zimbabwe_Electricity_Regulatory_Authority_ZERA\"><\/span>Zimbabwe Electricity Regulatory Authority (ZERA)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zera.co.zw\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ZERA<\/a><\/strong> was established in 2011 under the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zera.co.zw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Energy_Regulatory_Act_Chapter_1323.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Energy Regulatory Act<\/a><\/strong> [Chapter 13:23]. ZERA\u2019s main role is to regulate the procurement,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>production,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>transportation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>transmission,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>distribution,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>importation and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>exportation of energy derived from any energy source<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In short, ZERA\u2019s role is to regulate the energy sector as a whole. As outlined in the Energy Regulatory and Licensing authority Act [Chapter 13:23] of 2011, ZERA also serves to,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Increase Access and Security of Supply;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Energy Efficiency and the Environmental Protection;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Market Reform and Competition;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Research and Development; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Key stakeholder Advisory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zimbabwe_Electricity_Supply_Authority_ZESA\"><\/span>Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority (ZESA)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The electricity sector is primarily controlled by state-owned enterprise, Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority Holdings (ZESA Holdings), which generates, imports and distributes all electricity in the country through its subsidiaries Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) and Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company(ZETDC). The ZPC is mainly responsible for the production of electricity whereas the ZETDC\u2019s primary role is for electricity distribution. Besides, ZESA Holdings also control ZESA Enterprises (Pvt) Ltd (ZENT) whose mission is to provide quality electrical products and services. Under the purview of ZESA also include PowerTel Communications which is registered Internet Service provider in Zimbabwe and offers coverage to most parts in the country. The unbundling of ZESA was executed under the Zimbabwe National Energy Policy of 2012. In summation, ZESA\u2019s main mission is to delegate tasks to its main subsidiaries, the energy generator Zimbabwe Power Company and the Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company. Plans are also underway to privatize ZESA, however, up to date this has not been implemented.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zimbabwe_Power_Company_ZPC\"><\/span>Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zpc.co.zw\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ZPC<\/a><\/strong> is responsible for the production and generation of electricity in Zimbabwe. ZPC became operational in 1999 as an investment vehicle in the generation of electricity. The organization has been authorized to construct, own, operate and maintain power generation stations for the supply of electricity. ZPC currently controls five power stations, in which four are coal-fired power stations, Hwange, Bulawayo, Munyati and Harare thermal stations and the hydro power station Kariba. All together, they have a total installed capacity of 2,240 MW. Each power station holds a generation license from the Zimbabwe Electricity Regulatory Authority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zimbabwe_Electricity_Transmission_and_Distribution_Company_ZETDC\"><\/span>Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>ZETDC is also a subsidiary of ZESA Holdings. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zetdc.co.zw\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ZETDC<\/a><\/strong> is responsible for the transmission of electricity from the power stations, the distribution of electricity as well as its retailing to end users. Its mission is to provide adequate, safe, reliable electricity and related services at competitive prices. ZETDC is further divided into two-agencies; the Zimbabwe Electricity Distribution Company is in charge of the distribution and retail of electricity to the end user and the Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission Company balances supply and demand and the transmission of electricity from domestic generation plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rural_Electrification_Agency_REA_and_Rural_Electrification_Fund_REF\"><\/span>Rural Electrification Agency (REA) and Rural Electrification Fund (REF)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/rea.co.zw\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rural Electrification Fund (REF)<\/a> was established in 2002 and later the Rural Electrification Agency (REA). The government\u2019s aim is to bring electricity to rural and remote areas around the country. The government recognizes the fact that rural electrification is a major pillar in enhancing socio-economic development in rural communities. The agency\u2019s main focus is to spearhead rapid and equitable electrification of rural areas in Zimbabwe. To date, the rural electrification programme has enabled the electrification of thousands of rural institutions, farms, villages, boreholes, dam points and irrigation schemes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Policy_Framework_for_Electricity_Sector\"><\/span>Policy Framework for Electricity Sector<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><em><strong>Legislation\/Policy<\/strong><\/em><\/td><td><em><strong>Purpose<\/strong><\/em><\/td><td><em><strong>Implementing Agency<\/strong><\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zera.co.zw\/National_Renewable_Energy_Policy_Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Renewable Energy Policy (NREP)<\/a> and the Biofuels Policy (2020)<\/td><td><em>It seeks to achieve: \u00a0 \u00a0<\/em> <br>1. 33% reduction in green house carbon emissions by 2030<br>2. 20% ethanol bleding ratio by 2030<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Energy\u00a0Policy (2012)<\/td><td><em>Policy support and strategic planning for<br>multiple RE sources. The objectives of the<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www4.unfccc.int\/sites\/PublicNAMA\/_layouts\/UN\/FCCC\/NAMA\/Download.aspx?ListName=NAMA&amp;Id=162&amp;FileName=energy_policy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Energy Policy<\/a> are:<\/em><br><strong>><\/strong>to ensure accelerated economic<br>development<br><strong>><\/strong>to facilitate rural development<br><strong>><\/strong>to promote small-medium scale<br>enterprises<br><strong>><\/strong>to ensure environmentally friendly<br>energy development, and<br><strong>><\/strong>to ensure efficient utilisation of<br>energy resources<\/td><td>MEPD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Regulatory&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Act (2011)<\/td><td>The ZERA (Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory Authority) board issues and withdraws licences from all players in the Electricity, Petroleum and Renewable Energy Sectors. It is also responsible for creating a legal framework for fair competition of both private and public players<\/td><td>ZERA<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Electricity&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Act (2002)<\/td><td>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zera.co.zw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/electricity_act.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Electricity Act<\/a> provided for the establishment of the Zimbabwe Electricity Regulatory Commission(ZERC). ZERC was responsible for licencing operators in the electricity sector, setting of electricity tariff as well as general regulation of the electricity sector to allow for fair competition in the electricity industry. Since the establishment of ZERA in January 2012, all the duties have been transferrred to ZERA and ZERC dissolved.<\/td><td>Formerly ZERC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; now ZERA<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rural&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Electrification&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Act (2002)<\/td><td>The Act allowed for the establishment of the Rural Electrification Fund Board responsible for\u00a0 \u00a0holding\u00a0 \u00a0and\u00a0 \u00a0distribution\u00a0 \u00a0of\u00a0 \u00a0Rural Electrification\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Funds\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0for\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0all\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0rural electrification projects countrywide. Allows for the expansion of the national electricity grid to rural government institutions, business centres and chief&#8217;s homesteads on 100% subsidy and 60% subsidy on other connections. Also provides for decentralised electrication using renewable energy.<\/td><td>REA<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>THE END. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"follow-us-on-social-media\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FOLLOW_US_ON_SOCIAL_MEDIA\"><\/span>FOLLOW US ON SOCIAL MEDIA<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Follow us on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/solareyes-international\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><mark>LINKEDIN<\/mark><\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SolarEyesInt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><mark>FACEBOOK<\/mark><\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/+Y5UixY8F8uk0YjM0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><mark>TELEGRAM GROUP<\/mark><\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/chat.whatsapp.com\/HT9fKgRISE3CmUQDu88bAl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WHATSAPP<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>*** ALSO CHECK:<\/em>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/how-to-size-a-solar-system\/\">HOW TO SIZE A SOLAR SYSTEM \u2013 5 clear steps anyone can follow<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/how-to-size-a-solar-inverter\/\">HOW TO SIZE A SOLAR INVERTER<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/how-to-start-a-solar-company\/\">HOW TO START A SOLAR COMPANY \u2013 do these 6 things and make money through solar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/how-to-identify-fake-solar-products\/\">How to Identify Fake Solar Products<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/solar-panel-losses-all-you-need-to-know-tips-on-how-to-avoid-them\/\">SOLAR PANEL LOSSES: All you Need to Know + Tips on how to avoid them<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/solar-pv-module-manufacturing-process-explained-from-solar-cells-to-solar-panel\/\">SOLAR PV MODULE MANUFACTURING PROCESS EXPLAINED \u2013 from solar cells to solar panel<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/10-surprising-ways-solar-energy-can-save-you-money-today\/\">10 Surprising Ways Solar Energy Can Save You Money Today!<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/opportunities-for-solar-energy-development-in-europe\/\">Opportunities for Solar Energy Development in Europe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zimbabwe&#8217;s Electricity Sector: Structure, Policy, and Regulation Ministry of Energy and Power Development (MEPD) The Ministry of Energy and Power Development has overall responsibility for energy issues in Zimbabwe. Its mandate includes policy formulation, performance monitoring and regulation of the energy sector as well as research, development and promotion of new and renewable sources of &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7625,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[2248,2245,2249,2246,2247],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Untitled-design-75.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7622"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7622"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7622\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7626,"href":"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7622\/revisions\/7626"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7625"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7622"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7622"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/solareyesinternational.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}